Presuppositional Apologetics The Moral Argument for the...

A Christian apologetic method is a verbal defense of the biblical worldview. A proof is giving a reason for why we believe. This paper will address the philosophical question of God’s existence from the moral argument. The presuppositional apologetic method of Reformed thinkers Cornelius Van Til and John Frame will be the framework. Topics covered here could undoubtedly be developed in more depth, but that would be getting ahead, here is the big picture. Apologetics comes from the Greek word, ‘apologia’ meaning verbal defense. The Greek word is used in the verse, â€Å"Always be prepared to give an answer† (1 Peter 3:15) and in the negative, â€Å"men are without excuse† (Romans 1:20). In Reformed terms, stated by Frame, it can be†¦show more content†¦In our modern times, Van Til, a Reformed Dutch philosopher and theologian was a major advocate for presuppositional apologetics. He said, â€Å"To find out what man is and who God is, one can only go to Scripture. Faith in the self-attesting Christ of the Scriptures is the beginning, not the conclusion, of wisdom!† That means that Scripture is the source of authority, the basis for all beliefs and the deepest conviction of the heart. If our thoughts are subject to God and we have repented of independent thinking than we can present the biblical worldview rightly. The purpose of an apologetic encounter is to bring an unbeliever to repentan ce and belief. Frame continues to build upon Van Tillian presuppositionalism. â€Å"It might seem strange to look in Scripture for teachings about knowledge, reasoning, proof, evidence, logic, and so on, but God often surprises us by getting involved in areas of life we would prefer to keep to ourselves. Indeed, every part of life is his domain, and thus he rules all of life, directly or indirectly, by his Word (1 Cor. 10:31; Col. 3: 17; 2 Tim. 3:16-17).† In the following discussion, Scriptures’ preeminence must be kept in the forefront. A proof is giving a reason for why we believe. The philosophical question of the existence of God has many possible arguments including: personal vs. impersonal, moral values, epistemology (teleological and ethical), and metaphysics (teleological, cosmological, ontological). And

Is Ethical Hacking Truly Ethical Essay - 2691 Words

From the macro/micro perspective, the world of the electron, despite its extraordinarily minuscule size, is the foundation of society. Computers have not only brought us electronic shopping, email, and online banking, but now control our cars, how we board a plane, our MP3 players, and almost every other aspect of our lives. With any great advancement in civilization, there are always those souls who seek to capitalize on the misfortune of others by finding some way to exploit a weakness in the newest technology available; the computer industry is no exception. With the thousands of Gigabytes of data stored on our home computers, from tax information to social security numbers and banking information, it was only a matter of time before†¦show more content†¦Etymologically speaking, hacking began in the 1960’s with MIT’s Tech Model Railroad Club. Due to the exceptionally slow speeds of mainframe computers at that time, (personal computers were not invented yet), software programmers came up with ‘hacks’ to improve the processing time of their programs. These hackers became the core of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab). Their talents pushed a program beyond its intended capabilities, at the same time expanding their personal programming talents and the professional reputation of the AI Lab. These individuals believed the educational bureaucracy at MIT should not come into direct conflict with being able to accomplish any productive task. The hackers picked door locks, climbed ducts, or came up through the floorboards all in an effort to have access to computers to test their software code. â€Å"Even now, there is a big wrench at the AI Lab titled, â€Å"the seventh-floor master key† to be used in case anyone dares to lock up one of the more fancy terminals† (Schell, â€Å"The Hacking of America: Who’s Doing It, Why, and How† 44). One of the ways in which hackers are ensuring the freedom t o information across the Internet is through the Open Source movement. Open Source means that whenever a software programmer writes a piece of code, they release it to the public as free information. The code is available, free of charge, incorporated into other software programs (applications and/or operatingShow MoreRelated Ethics of Computer Hacking Essay examples850 Words   |  4 PagesHackers: Control and Property The ethical issues surrounding hacking, stem from several sources mainly dealing with order and control, and information ownership. What is difficult to decipher from all the media hoopla surrounding the terms, hacker and hacking is both the simultaneous sensationalism and the condemnation of said activities. Of course just recently, even a movie was made and was appropriately called Hackers. The term and all that it implies has truly entered our popular consciousnessRead MoreWar Is A Driving Factor2157 Words   |  9 Pages This raises the question, what is moral in war? Is something which can be used for destruction ethical? Nuclear energy can be used for mass destruction, or energy creation. Is it moral? 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One of the main issues I see stemming from ‘hacktivist’ groups and other criminal entities on the Internet is the extent of the rule of law. Although hacking is a crime in itself under state penal law, it’s not outlined in the U.S. Penal Code. However, there are numerous acts I find associated with the actions of Anonymous that’s punishable under the U.S. Code Title 18, such as:  § 241 – conspiracy againstRead MorePlanning For My Academic Success1260 Words   |  6 Pagesgoal after small goal, the larger goals previously established will be met and a sense of accomplishment will be enjoyed. Throughout this course a primary focus has been familiarizing myself with individual learning styles. After completing the Ethical Lens Inventory I discovered my preferred style was the Results Lens. Specifically this means that to obtain desired results I tend to depend on experience and can sometimes be too eager to get a conclusion. 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Globalization Process Free Essays

Globalization is the process which unites nations, societies and traditions through a worldwide system of communication, transportation and trade. Globalization is usually used as an easy way of spreading the technologies, production, and communication across the globe. It also involves the flow of thoughts and technologies. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to globalization, regions are coming closer to each other. Globalization is not only modernization but it is the amplification of global social affairs which connect different locations in such a manner that local activities are bent by activities happening miles away (Steger, 2010). Thus, globalization has very strong economic, governmental, educational and social dimensions. According to ‘Malcolm Waters’ in his book ‘Globalization’, globalization is defined as, â€Å" the intensification of world- wide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. This is dialectical process because such local happenings may move in an obverse direction from the very distanciated relations that shape them. Local transformation is as much a part of globalization as the lateral extension of social connections across time and space† (Waters, 2001, pg. 5). Globalisation is the way by which people, companies and government of different nations integrate and interact with each other. The process of globalisation has effects on the cultures, atmosphere, governmental systems, economic developments, wealth and on individual’s physical comfort in nations all around the globe. Globalisation is the process by which normal life around the globe is noticeable by calibration of communication, transportation, financial activity, Ecological and social interdependence. Globalisation has many positive effects opening up gaps of opportunities and economic prosperity to the developing countries but globalisation also has a harmful side with negative effects. In this assignment, I will discuss few positive and negative effects of globalisation. According to researchers and intellectuals, modern age led to the foundation of globalisation but most scholars say that globalisation is not new and its origin can be traced back to the early civilization. For centuries, people have been trading to each other at great distances. Third millennium B. C. was the ancient form of globalisation. At that t time the trade link was among Sumerian civilization and Indus valley civilization. After that era, there were many events where trade connections were made connecting several countries like, Greece, Egypt, Roman Empire, India, etc. The attractiveness of the trade links led to the expansion of different trade routes. In 19th century, industrial revolution took place which was a significant time in the record of globalisation (Boudreaux, 2008). This was the period when Muslim dealers and Jewish started going to different locations all around the globe to sell a variety of products which led to the combination of thoughts and customs. This revolution led to improved trade and business dealings. Due to enhanced goods and colonization, many nations all around the world became the customer of European market. However, the period of pre globalisation came to an end after World War 1. The effects of conflict were very adverse which led to the Great Depression. The time between 1850’s and 1940’s witnessed the acceleration of worldwide set of connections and cultural flows, dominated by European powers. By the mid of the nineteenth century quick developments in communication and transportation technologies like, radio, telephones, railways, shipping, telegraphy, etc took place. Globalisation has a comparatively new thought and idea that the world has been implementing. There are many positive effects of globalisation which are very advantageous for everybody in all countries. Globalisation has been the most successful affluence and anti-poverty movement in modern history. Following mentioned are some of the positive effects of globalisation on so various demographic segments of society. The most noticeable positive effect of globalisation is the improved and better quality of goods due to global competition. ‘Customer is the king’ approach to production has led to the improved quality of goods and services. Because Domestic companies have to struggle out foreign competition, they are bound to lift their standards and customer satisfaction levels to survive in the market (Stiglitz, 2007). When an international brand comes in a new country, it comes in travelling on some goodwill and concern which it has to survive up to. This establishes competition and ‘survival of the fittest’ situation in the market. Due to globalisation, various companies have entered into the developing countries and therefore generated employment for the citizens. This factor has given an opportunity to invest in the rising market and tap up the talent available there. Globalisation increases job opportunities as new firms start functioning in different countries; hence it increases living standards of people (Suarez Qin, 2004). Usually there is a lack of capital in developing countries which obstructs the growth of domestic companies and so employment. In such cases globalisation plays an important role in obtaining profitable employment opportunities. Globalisation greatly affects the global economy and the impact of foreign trade on economy is very immense. Comparative benefit has always been a factor even in the history. Trade has been institutionalised due to globalisation (Bhagwati, 2007). Globalisation has improved free trade among nations and has improved liquidity of capital permitting investors in established countries to invest in undeveloped countries. It brings foreign exchange to the countries due to the increase in foreign trade. Globalisation is very favourable for the 3rd world countries as it results in economic development. It also improves the global economy by increasing GDP. Trade between nation’s increases as it provides freedom to the global marketing exchange of goods and capitals. Established countries can invest in developing countries and positive competition increases hence, improving businesses. It has been asserted that globalisation increases the productivity and living standard of people. With the manifold positive effects, globalisation also has its negative side. Few of its negative effects are listed below. The most significant negative effect of globalisation is the disappearance of several cultures. The cultures of the countries that are economically powerful are more dominant than others. There is a great risk of spoiling of the cultural values of developing countries due to overseas investments and foreign citizens working from developing countries, changing the attitude, lifestyle and mind-set of the existing developing nations due to foreigners (Stilitz, 2003). Since international community is growing, more population have become unaware of social, moral and ethical values which are diverse in defining group. Hence, globalisation damages small cultures which are in danger of being destroyed. In order to save the cultures, small nations and developing countries should promote their cultural values and standards. Such nations should keep practicing their culture, so that young generation will be aware of all the customs and traditions. For instance, in developing country like ‘India’, many foreign companies and organizations operates and foreign trade is very immense, but the cultural values and tradition of people living there are still the same as Indians promote and practice their culture in every walk of life. Due to globalisation, more and more companies invest on developing nations, which economically is very beneficial for the countries but significantly affects environment by polluting it and escaping easily from weak developing countries regulatory rules and regulations. Many products and manufactured goods produced by various companies are not eco-friendly and thus, increase pollution. It also increase the risk of transporting diseases like Swine flu, Bird flu etc. unintentionally between countries as individuals from all around the world travel more often after globalisation. Many international powerful committees should be made in order to control and alert such companies and corporations who are responsible for polluting the environment and if they do not take action, then such corporations should be banned. This will help in decreasing the production of non eco-friendly products by creating awareness at the educational level and informing individuals with their negative effect. In today’s world, most of the corporations are aware of this negative effect and therefore, manufacture eco-friendly products which are healthy and recyclable. The last major negative effect of globalisation is the complexity of competition. Due to globalisation, international trade between the nations has started to remove limits. This condition of companies has resulted in steady competition with the national competitor, as well as the international competitors. Thus, businesses want more thorough and demanding competitive environment in order to continue stability and progress. Expansion of monopole corporations and channel between manufacture expenses are the chief effects of this tough competition in businesses (Eriksen, 2007). Developing and small nations choose to use overseas resources for their development, but instead, it disposes the equality and stability. Small corporations should focus on research and development. They should lower the manufacturing cost and should improve the quality of the manufacturing product, by using local goods hence, saving the cost of trade. Being a local company, they can understand the market better than the foreign companies. By doing this local companies in developing countries will be able to gain most of the market share and will be able to compete with the foreign companies. In the conclusion, it can be said that globalisation develops better relations among nations and helps in eliminating negative perceptions for the people. Global problems and issues can be solved by discussions. Foreign trade and tourism leads to social benefits which increases migration between the countries and provide chances to live and earn abroad. This results in the decline of cultural barriers and helps in improving the relationships among nations. But with all the positive effects it also has its share of disadvantages and is sometimes unfavourable for the countries that are undeveloped and weak. How to cite Globalization Process, Essays